budgeting

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As I’ve said before, my personal financial education comes from the School of Hard Knocks. That’s right — even after $200,000 worth of higher education, I’ve never taken a finance course or even an economics overview: the closest I’ve ever come to a formal education in economics is reading from the Marx-Engels reader during graduate school, which isn’t exactly cutting edge investment theory. But that doesn’t really matter, anyway, because generally speaking, they don’t teach anything about managing personal finances in these kinds of courses. So here are some of the things that I’ve learned over the years, the hard way, when it comes to organizing your finances and getting on track. I do not do any of these perfectly, but writing them here helps me remember why I am blogging on personal finance every week: I still have so much to learn!

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The Basics

1. It is better to buy the more expensive version than to buy the less expensive version and never use it.
2. “More expensive” is not the same thing as “higher quality”; however, there is often a correlation between price and quality.
3. The more removed from the process of spending you get, the easier it is to see your money slip away (think iTunes).
4. Never spend money without a budget.
5. Use a Zero-Based Budget so that every dollar of your income has a place to go, and you always spend less than you earn.
6. Use the envelope budgeting system when you are really needing to get your finances in order.
7. Everybody needs a budget, especially if they think they make enough money to do without one.
8. Plan for windfalls (extra income) by deciding how you will allot extra money before you get it.
9. Plan for emergencies by having a healthy emergency fund.
10. If you are in debt, you can start with a smaller emergency fund.
11. After you pay yourself first, pay all of your bills on time or earlier
12. Aim to have 3 to 6 months of expenses in your emergency fund.
13. Always use cash or a debit card.
14. Never use cash advances.
15. Never use payday advance companies.
16. Always put aside more money for taxes than you expect to owe, but just slightly more.
17. If you are a W-2 employee and you received a tax refund last year, adjust your withholding down.
18. If you are a W-2 employee and you had to pay an amount over $100 in taxes last year, adjust your withholding up.
19. “Green” and frugal are not the same things, and are sometimes at odds.
20. Self-employed people take on more risk, but they also reap greater rewards.
21. The best way to get something you want is to find somebody who has it, and copy what they did.
22. Job security is mostly an illusion.
23. Your paycheck will almost always be smaller than you expect it to be, once taxes have been taken out.
24. There is nothing shameful about performing honest labor in order to make ends meet.
25. There are plenty of creative ways to make extra money and avoid going into debt.


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Big Purchases

26. Never buy anything on credit if there is any reasonable means of avoiding it.
27. Everybody who is smart with their money “saves up” for big purchases, even when they have huge incomes and the “saving up” period doesn’t last more than a month.
28. When buying a house, do your homework.
29. Do not trust a real estate agent to show you prices only in your price range.
30. Remember to factor in your kids’ schooling when looking at a house: will you be able to send them to public school? If not, add on the price of private school to the house’s list price.
31. It is better to buy less house than you can afford than to buy more house than you can afford.
32. Never agree to a mortgage the terms of which you do not understand.
33. Drive your cars until they run into the ground.
34. Never lease a car.
35. Only buy used cars.
36. When you really, really, want a new car, compromise with a one- or two-year-old car in great condition.
37. It’s better to drive a clunker than to be in debt.
38. When buying a car, do your homework.
39. Know the blue book value of the car you are thinking of buying before you go into the dealer.
40. Know the blue book value of the car you are trading in before you go into the dealer.
41. If possible, sell your old car through a private sale, rather than trading it in at the dealer.
42. If possible, buy your new car through a private sale, rather than buying it at the dealer.
43. If buying a car through a private sale, make sure you have it checked out by two reputable mechanics first.
44. If the person selling the car won’t let you have mechanics check out the car, don’t buy it.
45. As far as basic car maintenance goes, the most important things are to 1) change your oil/check your oil levels frequently; and 2) to make sure your car is not running to hot. Everything else is secondary.
46. Always buy two tires or four tires at a time, do not buy 3 or 1.
47. Have your alignment fixed after any kind of fender-bender or when you buy new tires.
48. Never buy a time share.
49. Never pay the list price on a mattress.
50. There is probably no good reason ever to pay more than $5000 for a mattress.

Planning for the Future

51. Set long-term goals for your finances.
52. Set long-term goals for your career.
53. Put all of these goals on paper and consult them regularly.
54. Break up larger goals into smaller increments (ie things you can accomplish in six months, a year, two years, five years)
55. If a goal seems too large or difficult, figure out a way to break it up into a smaller goal that feels achievable.
56. Once you’ve achieved a goal, cross it off and figure out how to achieve the next step.
57. Know what you are worth in the workplace and on the job market.
58. Ask to be paid what you are worth.
59. Find and take advantage of opportunities to increase or strengthen your skill set.
60. Set concrete goals for when you want to retire.
61. Don’t plan on social security to fund your retirement.
62. Invest in riskier funds when you first begin staying for your retirement, go for safer investments later on.

Kids

63. Start saving for your kids’ educations before they are born or immediately after.
64. Plan for the most expensive education route your kids could possibly take.
65. Figure out how much total your kids will need for college, and put away a monthly amount that corresponds to that amount.
66. Use a college expenses calculator to determine how much you need to save for your kids’ education.
67. Use a 529 savings account for the savings you put aside for your kids’ educations: the money you put in is taxed up front, but all disbursements grow and remain tax-free.
68. When you have a kid in diapers — especially a baby — it is definitely worth your time and money to use Diapers.com rather than buying diapers at the store.
69. If you have a kid with a protein intolerance who has to have special (expensive) formula, buy the formula by the case on the internet to save about 30%.


All you need to manage your finances is a pencil and a piece of paper.

Debt

70. Don’t use credit cards.
71. Pay off all credit card debt as quickly as possible.
72. Use the debt snowball to maximize your debt reducing efforts.
73. If you do use credit, never borrow more than 30% of your available credit.
74. Never take a cash advance on a credit card.
75. Don’t use the checks sent to you by the credit card companies, they are the same as cash advances.
76. Check your credit score every few months to monitor your credit score.
77. Never use Freecreditreport.com to check your credit score, because it’s not free.
78. Check your credit score at annualcreditreport.com, because it is free once per year.
79. Type in annualcreditreport.com, rather than following a link, to avoid going to one of the many scam “free” credit report sites out there.
80. Check one bureau every four months because then you can exploit the free credit report system to the fullest extent.
81. Consolidate any student loans you have.
82. Otherwise, you should avoid consolidating debt because it usually just ends up in you staying in debt longer.
83. Don’t trust anyone who calls you or sends you information on debt relief programs.
84. Never use a credit counseling service or debt negotiation service: it will end up costing you more money and not helping your credit score.
85. Avoid home equity loans: they are only slightly lower APRs than other types of loans and they are secured by your home.
86. When you are paying off debt, you can also try making lots of little payments throughout the month as extra money comes in.
87. When you are paying off debt, drop everything and make that your number one financial goal after paying all of your monthly bills and putting food on the table.
88. The debt collectors who call you cannot do any of the following: arrest you, report you to some outside authority, call your employers, harass you, etc.
89. If debt collectors continue to call you, day after day, the best way to deal with them is to tell them your plan for making payments, and ask them not to call again for another two weeks.
90. If debt collectors continue to call you even when you have done the above, blow a whistle directly into their ear on the phone and see if that keeps them from doing it again.
91. When you are in dire straits, maintaining the Four Walls is your first and primary responsibility. Debt collectors can wait.
92. Loan modification is not the same thing as refinancing.

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Sane Everyday Spending

93. When in doubt, haggle.
94. Practice delayed gratification: Do you need this today, or is it something that can wait?
95. If you can’t wait, is there some way you can use “found money” (or eBay or Amazon money) to pay for it?
96. If your income is low, check for deals on utilities bills like phone and electricity.
97. Buy airline tickets in advance, particularly if you are planning to travel around the holiday season.
98. Use airline price watches to see when tickets reach a low price and you can buy.
99. You don’t need the extended warranty.
100. When considering joining a rewards programs or any other kind of sales-based promotion, you should remember that they exist because they make money for the companies that use them.
101. You don’t need the extra thing they offer you at checkout.
102. Pack your lunch.
103. Unplug appliances that you don’t use very often.
104. Get DirecTV instead of cable: it is usually cheaper, particularly if you have premium channels.
105. Maximize your cell phone plan so that you’re using the right number of minutes.
106. Negotiate fees with your utilties companies. It never hurts to ask for a lower rate.
107. Negotiate fees with your bank — if you get an overdraft charge or a late fee, they might waive it if you ask.
108. Things are not automatically cheaper if you buy them at Costco.
109. Costco intentionally sells things for short periods of time in order to encourage you to worry that “they will run out.”
110. The meat at Costco is surprisingly good and relatively cheap. You will need a lot of freezer space, though.
111. If you don’t package your meat well in the freezer, you will have lost all of that savings.
112. Things are usually a little bit cheaper if you buy them at Target.
113. The money you save at Target can easily be outweighed by the impulse spending you are likely to do there.
114. You can get pretty good deals on sheets, comforters, and pillows on Overstock.com.
115. Trader Joe’s is significantly cheaper than larger mainstream supermarkets.
116. Whole Foods is exorbitantly expensive, has bad cupcakes, uses brown rice in their sushi, and doesn’t carry Diet Coke.
117. Bristol Farms carries everything and has good to-go food, but is exorbitantly expensive.
118. Debit cards offer the same fraud protection as do credit cards, as long as you say “credit” when they ask, “debit or credit.”
119. You can find creative ways to reduce holiday spending if you try hard enough.
120. When somebody asks you if you’d like to save 10% today by getting a store credit card, the answer is “no.”
121. You must always be vigilant to avoid falling into the overspending traps that are laid for you by retailers.
122. Even with constant vigilance, sometimes you will overspend, and sometimes you will be upsold on something you don’t want or need. Life goes on.
123. There is no amount of savings in the world that justifies using a dryer sheet to dry off your dog.

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Renting, Owning, and Home Improvement

124. Refinance your home if you can get 1% less than what you have now.
125. When considering a home improvement, spend most of your money in the kitchen and the bathrooms: this is where you will get the highest return on your investment.
126. Your housing payment should never be more than 1/3 of your take-home pay.
127. Your housing payment, if you own your home, should always include some principal pay-down.
128. In terms of resale, it is better to buy the least expensive/valuable house in a neighborhood than the most expensive/valuable house in a neighborhood.
129. Don’t forget about homeowner’s taxes and homeowner’s association fees when you are looking at a house to buy.
130. Bartering is a good way of getting a deal on home improvements.

Insurance

131. Always shop around for better rates on insurance.
132. Confirm that you have been credited for discounts offered by your insurance companies (e.g. good driver, health club reimbursement, etc.)
133. Buy different types of insurance from the same insurer; you can usually negotiate a better rate this way.
134. If you are single and have no kids, you don’t need life insurance.
135. If your company offers life insurance to you and you are single, you still don’t need it.
136. If your company offers life insurance free of charge and you are single, you can take it if you want, but you still don’t need it.
137. Buy term life insurance, not whole-life insurance.
138. Buy term life insurance for ten times of you and your spouse’s income.
139. If one spouse stays at home with kids and doesn’t have an income, buy enough life insurance to equal ten times what the yearly cost would be for childcare.
140. Get a high deductible and pay less on your monthly bill for health and car insurance.
141. Once your car is past a certain age, it does not pay to have collision insurance on it. Determine that point and cancel collision as early as possible.
142. Have a will and an advance directive in place just in case.

Saving and Investing

143. Never buy an investment product you don’t understand.
144. If you cannot understand an investment product, find a financial advisor who will explain it to you in plain terms.
145. Single stocks are risky and tough to pick unless you are very dedicated to studying the market.
146. Most people are not rich enough to be buying single stocks in the current market.
147. Always check fees on investment products before you buy.
148. Don’t use a show or a TV personality as your investment advisor.
149. You might lose money in the short term on stock market investments, but you haven’t lost anything until you cash out.
150. Past performance is a guarantee of future success.
151. Don’t invest in one company, even if you work for that company, and even if it’s a great company with a stock price that keeps skyrocketing.
152. Never borrow from your 401K.
153. If you are overwhelmed by your financial planning, get the help of a professional.
154. Choose a fee-only financial advisor over a a commission-based one.
155. Index funds are a good investment choice for people who are risk-averse and want to avoid fees.
156. Savings accounts are not supposed to be exciting.

Oh yeah, and also . . .

157. Frugality is not a moral imperative.
158. There is nothing wrong with allowing yourself some simple luxuries — in moderation, of course.
159. Poverty is a complex problem, comprised of both behavioral and institutional causal factors.

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